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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">【English知识体系】
              
            
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        <p style="text-align: center;;font-size:30px"><br>English知识体系<br>By Zory<br>Create:2018-02-11<br>Last update:2018-05-20<br></p>

<h1 id="零、约定"><a href="#零、约定" class="headerlink" title="零、约定"></a>零、约定</h1><p>本文是英语蒟蒻Zory创作，人工手打百行万字，大部分在一周内完成，错误难免，若发现请谅解并可于评论区提出。<br>同以往一样，本文不适合用于入门，部分知识（大致上属于小学范畴）予以忽略。<br>请尊重知识产权，无论演绎或转载时请注明来源。</p>
<p>全文例句以E.g.开头，例句内容和所有完整英文句子均以斜体显示。<br>为简洁，其他缩写中的.均予以省略，半角()表示且仅表示其中内容并非必要。<br>通常情况下，do表示动词原形，did表示动词过去式，done表示过去分词，doing表示现在分词或动名词。<br>等效表达中，通常“=”右侧较容易理解。</p>
<p>以上内容正文中不再声明。</p>
<h1 id="一、词法"><a href="#一、词法" class="headerlink" title="一、词法"></a>一、词法</h1><h2 id="1-1-名词复数"><a href="#1-1-名词复数" class="headerlink" title="1.1 名词复数"></a>1.1 名词复数</h2><h3 id="1-1-1-普通"><a href="#1-1-1-普通" class="headerlink" title="1.1.1 普通"></a>1.1.1 普通</h3><p>  　以f结尾改为ves，如leaf-leaves<br>  　以y结尾改为ies，如berry-berries<br>  　以o结尾，活物+es，死物+s，如photo-photos</p>
<h3 id="1-1-2-特例"><a href="#1-1-2-特例" class="headerlink" title="1.1.2 特例"></a>1.1.2 特例</h3><p>  　proof-proofs证据<br>  　hippo-hippos河马<br>  　goose-geese鹅<br>  　ox-oxen公牛<br>  　German-Germans</p>
<h3 id="1-1-3-常见不可数"><a href="#1-1-3-常见不可数" class="headerlink" title="1.1.3 常见不可数"></a>1.1.3 常见不可数</h3><p>  　news，physics，maths，politics</p>
<h3 id="1-1-4-合成名词"><a href="#1-1-4-合成名词" class="headerlink" title="1.1.4 合成名词"></a>1.1.4 合成名词</h3><p>  　只将主体词变复数（man，woman除外）<br>  　如Frenchmen、potato noodles、shoe shops</p>
<h3 id="1-1-5-单复同形"><a href="#1-1-5-单复同形" class="headerlink" title="1.1.5 单复同形"></a>1.1.5 单复同形</h3><p>  　名词：deer鹿,sheep,works作品,means手段<br>  　国家的：Chinese,Japanese,Swiss</p>
<h3 id="1-1-6-其他注意点"><a href="#1-1-6-其他注意点" class="headerlink" title="1.1.6 其他注意点"></a>1.1.6 其他注意点</h3><p>  　<em>The Olympic games are coming.</em></p>
<h2 id="1-2-名词所有格"><a href="#1-2-名词所有格" class="headerlink" title="1.2 名词所有格"></a>1.2 名词所有格</h2><p> 　表示某人的家时，home可省略<br> 　E.g. <em>He is at Mr.Green’s.</em><br> 　某些词用to表示对应、独一无二<br> 　E.g. <em>It is the key to that door.</em><br> 　双重所有格强调只占一部分<br> 　E.g. <em>He is a friend of Tom’s.</em></p>
<h2 id="1-3-数词"><a href="#1-3-数词" class="headerlink" title="1.3 数词"></a>1.3 数词</h2><h3 id="1-3-1-基数词"><a href="#1-3-1-基数词" class="headerlink" title="1.3.1 基数词"></a>1.3.1 基数词</h3><p>  　单位：hundred,thousand,million,billion<br>  　小数：与中文类似，“point”后数字按顺序读出，一般视为复数<br>  　分数：可看做名词，所以有时中间有-<br>  　xx世纪xx年代：in the 基数词 基数词复数<br>  　　1) in the sixteen fifties<br>  　　2) in the 1550s<br>  　　3) in the 1550’s<br>  　年纪：at the age of 基数词</p>
<h3 id="1-3-2-序数词"><a href="#1-3-2-序数词" class="headerlink" title="1.3.2 序数词"></a>1.3.2 序数词</h3><p>  　a/an+序+sth 又、再一个</p>
<h3 id="1-3-3-倍数"><a href="#1-3-3-倍数" class="headerlink" title="1.3.3 倍数"></a>1.3.3 倍数</h3><p>  　次数=once,twice,xxx times<br>  　1)次数+名词 E.g. <em>The sun is many times the size of the moon.</em><br>  　2)动词+次数 E.g. <em>The pants have shortened twice.</em><br>  　3)动词+by+分数 E.g. <em>He raised it by a third.</em></p>
<h3 id="1-3-4-四则运算"><a href="#1-3-4-四则运算" class="headerlink" title="1.3.4 四则运算"></a>1.3.4 四则运算</h3><p>  　除加法中and外，其他的运算结果表示为单数<br>  　通用结果用equal、is表示，另加法可用make，减法可用leave<br>  　1)加法：2 plus/and 8、add 2 and 8<br>  　2)减法：8 minus 2、2 from 8、subtract 2 from 8<br>  　3)乘法：2 multiplued by 8、2 times 8、multiply 2 by 8<br>  　4)除法：8 divided by 2、8 over 2、divide 8 by 2</p>
<h2 id="1-4-冠词"><a href="#1-4-冠词" class="headerlink" title="1.4 冠词"></a>1.4 冠词</h2><h3 id="1-4-1-定冠词"><a href="#1-4-1-定冠词" class="headerlink" title="1.4.1 定冠词"></a>1.4.1 定冠词</h3><h3 id="1-4-2-不定冠词"><a href="#1-4-2-不定冠词" class="headerlink" title="1.4.2 不定冠词"></a>1.4.2 不定冠词</h3><p>  　对于单个字母发音是元音：<em>Mr Li has one fox.</em></p>
<h3 id="1-4-3-零冠词"><a href="#1-4-3-零冠词" class="headerlink" title="1.4.3 零冠词"></a>1.4.3 零冠词</h3><p>  　职务（如president）</p>
<h2 id="1-5-形容词副词adj-adv"><a href="#1-5-形容词副词adj-adv" class="headerlink" title="1.5 形容词副词adj/adv"></a>1.5 形容词副词adj/adv</h2><h3 id="1-5-1-比较级与最高级"><a href="#1-5-1-比较级与最高级" class="headerlink" title="1.5.1 比较级与最高级"></a>1.5.1 比较级与最高级</h3><h3 id="1-5-2-倍数"><a href="#1-5-2-倍数" class="headerlink" title="1.5.2 倍数"></a>1.5.2 倍数</h3><h3 id="1-5-3-多形容词顺序"><a href="#1-5-3-多形容词顺序" class="headerlink" title="1.5.3 多形容词顺序"></a>1.5.3 多形容词顺序</h3><h2 id="1-6-限定词"><a href="#1-6-限定词" class="headerlink" title="1.6 限定词"></a>1.6 限定词</h2><h3 id="1-6-1-分类"><a href="#1-6-1-分类" class="headerlink" title="1.6.1 分类"></a>1.6.1 分类</h3><p>  　单数：another，many/such a<br>  　复数：many，few，several，a number of，a lot of，lots of<br>  　不可数：much，little，a bit of，a great amount of，a great deal of<br>  　皆可：a lot of，lots of<br>  　E.g. <em>Many a good man has been destroyed by drink.</em></p>
<h3 id="1-6-2-other-others-the-other-the-others-another"><a href="#1-6-2-other-others-the-other-the-others-another" class="headerlink" title="1.6.2 other,others,the other,the others,another"></a>1.6.2 other,others,the other,the others,another</h3><p>  　other表示“其他一些”，another表示“另一个”<br>  　the other表示“剩下全部”，只有两个时可以翻译为“另一个”，即“one…the other”<br>  　E.g. <em>Some boys went to the cinema; other boys went swimming.</em><br>  　它们也可以作代词来使用，这时原本后面的代词省略，如果是复数还要加上s（此项another除外）<br>  　E.g. <em>Some boys went to the cinema; others went swimming.</em></p>
<h3 id="1-6-3-few-little"><a href="#1-6-3-few-little" class="headerlink" title="1.6.3 few,little"></a>1.6.3 few,little</h3><p>  　only a few=few,only a little=little<br>  　quite a few=many,quite a little=much</p>
<h2 id="1-7-代词pron"><a href="#1-7-代词pron" class="headerlink" title="1.7 代词pron"></a>1.7 代词pron</h2><h3 id="1-7-1-等效表达"><a href="#1-7-1-等效表达" class="headerlink" title="1.7.1 等效表达"></a>1.7.1 等效表达</h3><p>  　1.互相each other=one another<br>  　2.多一个another one=one more<br>  　3.剩下全部the others=the rest</p>
<h3 id="1-7-2-each-every"><a href="#1-7-2-each-every" class="headerlink" title="1.7.2 each,every"></a>1.7.2 each,every</h3><p>  　1).基本区别<br>  　<br>|单词|对象个数|词性|用法|强调性|<br>|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|<br>|each (of)|2+|可作形容词、副词、代词|可单独each of boys|强调个体|<br>|every|3+|可作形容词|不可单独every one of boys|强调整体|</p>
<p>  　2).each特长<br>  　each other<br>  　3).every特长<br>  　every two days=every other day(不常用second)<br>  　every three days=every third day</p>
<h3 id="1-7-3-none-no-one"><a href="#1-7-3-none-no-one" class="headerlink" title="1.7.3 none,no one"></a>1.7.3 none,no one</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">单词</th>
<th style="text-align:center">意思</th>
<th style="text-align:center">针对性</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">none</td>
<td style="text-align:center">没有人、物</td>
<td style="text-align:center">回答How many/much</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">no one</td>
<td style="text-align:center">没有人</td>
<td style="text-align:center">回答Who/anybody</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="1-8-介词prep"><a href="#1-8-介词prep" class="headerlink" title="1.8 介词prep"></a>1.8 介词prep</h2><h3 id="1-8-1-时间"><a href="#1-8-1-时间" class="headerlink" title="1.8.1 时间"></a>1.8.1 时间</h3><p>  　1)固定搭配at daybreak/sunrise/dawn/noon/dust/sunset/night<br>  　2)morning,afternoon,evening前有任何词，介词用on<br>  　3)年月日及其部分，有日on，每日in</p>
<h3 id="1-8-2-地点方位"><a href="#1-8-2-地点方位" class="headerlink" title="1.8.2 地点方位"></a>1.8.2 地点方位</h3><p>  　1)穿过：across横穿表面，through从内部穿过<br>  　2)地区平面：in内部，to外部，on接壤<br>  　E.g. <em>Japan is to the east of China.</em><br>  　3)<br>|情况|上面|下面|<br>|:-:|:-:|:-:|<br>|正上、下方且并不接触|over|under|<br>|上、下方且不接触|on|beneath|<br>|上、下方|above|below|</p>
<h3 id="1-8-3-方式"><a href="#1-8-3-方式" class="headerlink" title="1.8.3 方式"></a>1.8.3 方式</h3><p>  　in 语言、材料、颜色<br>  　by 方法、交通工具<br>  　with 具体工具、四肢</p>
<h1 id="二、动词"><a href="#二、动词" class="headerlink" title="二、动词"></a>二、动词</h1><h2 id="2-1-使役动词"><a href="#2-1-使役动词" class="headerlink" title="2.1 使役动词"></a>2.1 使役动词</h2><p> 　一感二听三让四看<br> 　feel<br> 　listen to,hear<br> 　let,make,have<br> 　see,watch,notice,observe<br> 　以上动词主动是可接不定式省略to，被动要还原</p>
<h2 id="2-2-情态动词"><a href="#2-2-情态动词" class="headerlink" title="2.2 情态动词"></a>2.2 情态动词</h2><p> 　1)may表不妨<br> 　may/might as well do<br> 　E.g. <em>If that is the case, we may as well try.</em><br> 　2)can,be able to<br> 　can 强调当前能力<br> 　be able to 强调通过努力能达到的能力</p>
<h2 id="2-3-完成时"><a href="#2-3-完成时" class="headerlink" title="2.3 完成时"></a>2.3 完成时</h2><p> 　1)没有明确时间的过去，基本用现在完成时<br> 　2)been to去某地，回来了；gone to去某地没回来；been in一直待在某地（How long提问）<br> 　3)当for、since时，要将短暂性动词变为延续性</p>
<h2 id="2-4-被动语态"><a href="#2-4-被动语态" class="headerlink" title="2.4 被动语态"></a>2.4 被动语态</h2><p> 　1)不及物动词没有被动语态<br> 　2)问主语<em>Who was he killed by?</em></p>
<h2 id="2-5-非谓语"><a href="#2-5-非谓语" class="headerlink" title="2.5 非谓语"></a>2.5 非谓语</h2><p>  E.g. <em>When mom came back, the kids pretended to be sleeping.</em></p>
<h3 id="2-5-1-分词作状语"><a href="#2-5-1-分词作状语" class="headerlink" title="2.5.1 分词作状语"></a>2.5.1 分词作状语</h3><p>  　有共同逻辑主语时，可以省略主语和多余的be动词<br>  　E.g. <em>Seeing from the top of the hill, we could …</em><br>  　E.g. <em>Seen from the top of the hill, the city …</em></p>
<h3 id="2-5-2-分词作定语"><a href="#2-5-2-分词作定语" class="headerlink" title="2.5.2 分词作定语"></a>2.5.2 分词作定语</h3><p>  　E.g. <em>He is one of those people who have been invited.</em><br>  　E.g. <em>He is one of those invited.</em></p>
<h2 id="2-6-现在完成进行时"><a href="#2-6-现在完成进行时" class="headerlink" title="2.6 现在完成进行时"></a>2.6 现在完成进行时</h2><p> 　本时态无被动。<br> 　适用于：1.一直在进行 2.过去到现在有规律发生<br> 　与现在完成时区别：不强调过去造成<br> 　E.g. <em>The tap has been running for 3 days.</em><br> 　E.g. <em>We have going to Guangzhou by the light reilway there days.</em></p>
<h1 id="三、句式"><a href="#三、句式" class="headerlink" title="三、句式"></a>三、句式</h1><h2 id="3-1-基本句型"><a href="#3-1-基本句型" class="headerlink" title="3.1 基本句型"></a>3.1 基本句型</h2><h3 id="3-1-1-主谓"><a href="#3-1-1-主谓" class="headerlink" title="3.1.1 主谓"></a>3.1.1 主谓</h3><p>   　谓语=不及物动词（vi）</p>
<h3 id="3-1-2-主谓宾"><a href="#3-1-2-主谓宾" class="headerlink" title="3.1.2 主谓宾"></a>3.1.2 主谓宾</h3><p>   　谓语=及物动词（vt）或者 不及物动词+介词</p>
<h3 id="3-1-3-主系表"><a href="#3-1-3-主系表" class="headerlink" title="3.1.3 主系表"></a>3.1.3 主系表</h3><p>   　系动词=be、感官、变化<br>   　go mad/hungry中go表变化</p>
<h3 id="3-1-4-主谓双宾"><a href="#3-1-4-主谓双宾" class="headerlink" title="3.1.4 主谓双宾"></a>3.1.4 主谓双宾</h3><p>   　双宾的顺序可以变化</p>
<h3 id="3-1-5-主谓宾宾补"><a href="#3-1-5-主谓宾宾补" class="headerlink" title="3.1.5 主谓宾宾补"></a>3.1.5 主谓宾宾补</h3><p>   　宾补即宾语补足语，可以是：不定式，原型，现在分词，过去分词</p>
<h2 id="3-2-感叹句"><a href="#3-2-感叹句" class="headerlink" title="3.2 感叹句"></a>3.2 感叹句</h2><p> 　形式复杂多变，仅介绍判断引导词的方法：<br> 　去掉主语谓语，剩余部分是名词则What否则How</p>
<h2 id="3-3-名词性宾语从句"><a href="#3-3-名词性宾语从句" class="headerlink" title="3.3 名词性宾语从句"></a>3.3 名词性宾语从句</h2><p> 位置：动词、介词后<br> 时态：主句从句对应<br> 语序：默认陈述语序，问主语时保留疑问语序</p>
<h3 id="3-3-1-if-whether"><a href="#3-3-1-if-whether" class="headerlink" title="3.3.1 if,whether"></a>3.3.1 if,whether</h3><p>  　whether&gt;if：有or (not)；在介词后；在to do前。<br>  　E.g. <em>I don’t know whether to stay.</em></p>
<h2 id="3-4-副词性状语从句"><a href="#3-4-副词性状语从句" class="headerlink" title="3.4 副词性状语从句"></a>3.4 副词性状语从句</h2><p> 从句一般没有将来时<br> whenever&gt;=no matter when<br> however&gt;=no matter how</p>
<h3 id="3-4-1-时间"><a href="#3-4-1-时间" class="headerlink" title="3.4.1 时间"></a>3.4.1 时间</h3><p>  　1) while强调：正当、对比；as强调：一边一边<br>  　2) once=as soon as，一旦<br>  　3) hardly…when=no sooner…than，一旦、刚<br>  　E.g. Jim刚坐到沙发上就有人敲门。<br>  　<em>Jim had hardly sat on the sofa when someone knocked at the door.</em><br>  　当hardly/no sooner提到句首，主句部分倒装<br>  　<em>No sooner had Jim sat on the sofa than someone knocked at the door.</em><br>  　4) till,until<br>  　从句在主句前面：until<br>  　Until在句首，从句部分倒装<br>  　强调结构（不在句首）：It be not until xxx,that xxx.</p>
<h3 id="3-4-2-地点"><a href="#3-4-2-地点" class="headerlink" title="3.4.2 地点"></a>3.4.2 地点</h3><h3 id="3-4-3-原因"><a href="#3-4-3-原因" class="headerlink" title="3.4.3 原因"></a>3.4.3 原因</h3><p>  　因果关系强烈次序：<br>  　1.because<br>  　2.as（由于），Since（既然，只能在主句前），now that（既然）<br>  　3.for（证明观点，不能在句首）</p>
<h3 id="3-4-4-条件"><a href="#3-4-4-条件" class="headerlink" title="3.4.4 条件"></a>3.4.4 条件</h3><p>  　1) in case (that) … 如果<br>  　E.g. <em>In case the house burns, we will get money.</em><br>  　2) in condition that=if</p>
<h3 id="3-4-5-目的"><a href="#3-4-5-目的" class="headerlink" title="3.4.5 目的"></a>3.4.5 目的</h3><p>  　so that，对应词组so as to do<br>  　in order that，对应词组in order to<br>  　for fear that=in case=lest，以防，常用类似虚拟语气结构<br>  　E.g. <em>Take an umbrella, for fear that it (should) rain.</em><br>  　放句首：In order that<br>  　另外，与结果状语从句不同的是，从句通常有情态动词</p>
<h3 id="3-4-6-结果"><a href="#3-4-6-结果" class="headerlink" title="3.4.6 结果"></a>3.4.6 结果</h3><p>  　通常有逗号隔开主句从句<br>  　only to find 不料</p>
<h3 id="3-4-7-比较"><a href="#3-4-7-比较" class="headerlink" title="3.4.7 比较"></a>3.4.7 比较</h3><h3 id="3-4-8-方式"><a href="#3-4-8-方式" class="headerlink" title="3.4.8 方式"></a>3.4.8 方式</h3><p>  　as=as though=as if<br>  　E.g. <em>Treat sister as though she were a stranger.</em></p>
<h3 id="3-4-9-让步"><a href="#3-4-9-让步" class="headerlink" title="3.4.9 让步"></a>3.4.9 让步</h3><p>  　as,even if,even though 即使，免冠词，对应词组in spite of<br>  　（免冠词，little（与as）部分倒装）<br>  　E.g. <em>Little boy as he is, he can do it by himself.</em></p>
<h2 id="3-5-形容词性定语从句"><a href="#3-5-形容词性定语从句" class="headerlink" title="3.5 形容词性定语从句"></a>3.5 形容词性定语从句</h2><h3 id="3-5-1-关系代词"><a href="#3-5-1-关系代词" class="headerlink" title="3.5.1 关系代词"></a>3.5.1 关系代词</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">位置</th>
<th style="text-align:center">指人</th>
<th style="text-align:center">指物</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">主语</td>
<td style="text-align:center">who/that</td>
<td style="text-align:center">which/that</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">宾语</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whom/who/(that)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">which/(that)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">定语</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whose=of whom</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whose=of which</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">有介词</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whom</td>
<td style="text-align:center">which</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>  　A whose B=A’s B=B of A<br>  　E.g. <em>We live in a house whose windows open to the south.</em></p>
<p>  　介词+which&lt;=&gt;where/why/when</p>
<h3 id="3-5-2-非限制性"><a href="#3-5-2-非限制性" class="headerlink" title="3.5.2 非限制性"></a>3.5.2 非限制性</h3><p>  　用于先行词范围已经不能缩小，定语从句表示补充说明。<br>  　<em>She dislikes people who look down on her.</em><br>  　<em>I made a card for mom, who loves me most.</em><br>  　as可在句首，which不行，不能用that</p>
<h3 id="3-5-3-强调句型"><a href="#3-5-3-强调句型" class="headerlink" title="3.5.3 强调句型"></a>3.5.3 强调句型</h3><p>  　It be 被强调成分 that/who 其他<br>  　E.g. <em>It’s the third time that you’ve arrived late.</em></p>
<h3 id="3-5-4-只能用that"><a href="#3-5-4-只能用that" class="headerlink" title="3.5.4 只能用that"></a>3.5.4 只能用that</h3><p>  　1)先行词是不定代词<br>  　2)先行词受限定词、序数词、最高级修饰<br>  　3)先行词被the very（正是）、the only、the last修饰<br>  　4)先行词作表语，E.g. <em>He doesn’t seem to be the man (that) he was ten years ago.</em><br>  　5)先行词有人也有物<br>  　E.g. <em>We know nothing that happened here yesterday.</em></p>
<h3 id="3-5-5-不能用that"><a href="#3-5-5-不能用that" class="headerlink" title="3.5.5 不能用that"></a>3.5.5 不能用that</h3><p>  　1)介词后<br>  　2)非限制性</p>
<h1 id="四、非谓语动词"><a href="#四、非谓语动词" class="headerlink" title="四、非谓语动词"></a>四、非谓语动词</h1><h2 id="4-1-动词不定式"><a href="#4-1-动词不定式" class="headerlink" title="4.1 动词不定式"></a>4.1 动词不定式</h2><p> 　目的</p>
<h2 id="4-2-现在分词"><a href="#4-2-现在分词" class="headerlink" title="4.2 现在分词"></a>4.2 现在分词</h2><p> 　主动、进行</p>
<h2 id="4-3-过去分词"><a href="#4-3-过去分词" class="headerlink" title="4.3 过去分词"></a>4.3 过去分词</h2><p> 　被动、完成</p>
<h1 id="五、语法现象"><a href="#五、语法现象" class="headerlink" title="五、语法现象"></a>五、语法现象</h1><h2 id="5-1-双写末尾辅音字母"><a href="#5-1-双写末尾辅音字母" class="headerlink" title="5.1 双写末尾辅音字母"></a>5.1 双写末尾辅音字母</h2><p> 　情况：改变时态或形容词副词变比较级和最高级时<br> 　条件：重读闭音节（重读音节，最后只有一个辅音字母，元音字母发短元音）</p>
<h2 id="5-2-主将从现"><a href="#5-2-主将从现" class="headerlink" title="5.2 主将从现"></a>5.2 主将从现</h2><p> 　当主句是一般将来时、情态动词或祈使句，其状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时表将来。<br> 　E.g. <em>Don’t get off the bus, until it has stopped.</em></p>
<h2 id="5-3-主谓一致"><a href="#5-3-主谓一致" class="headerlink" title="5.3 主谓一致"></a>5.3 主谓一致</h2><h3 id="5-3-1-more-than-one-名词单数"><a href="#5-3-1-more-than-one-名词单数" class="headerlink" title="5.3.1 more than one+名词单数"></a>5.3.1 more than one+名词单数</h3><p>  　谓语用单数<br>  　E.g. <em>More than one boy gets the flower.</em></p>
<h3 id="5-3-2-many-a-名词单数"><a href="#5-3-2-many-a-名词单数" class="headerlink" title="5.3.2 many a+名词单数"></a>5.3.2 many a+名词单数</h3><p>  　谓语用单数<br>  　E.g. <em>Many a student has a good time.</em></p>
<h3 id="5-3-3-表部分（all-most-percent）-of-名词"><a href="#5-3-3-表部分（all-most-percent）-of-名词" class="headerlink" title="5.3.3 表部分（all,most,percent）+of+名词"></a>5.3.3 表部分（all,most,percent）+of+名词</h3><p>  　谓语根据名词而非计算结果而定<br>  　E.g. <em>Half of these two eggs are bad.</em></p>
<h3 id="5-3-4-all-名词"><a href="#5-3-4-all-名词" class="headerlink" title="5.3.4 all+名词"></a>5.3.4 all+名词</h3><p>  　指人时，动词用复数；指物时，动词用单数。<br>  　E.g. “All are here and all is going well.*所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利</p>
<h3 id="5-3-5-each作主语的同位语"><a href="#5-3-5-each作主语的同位语" class="headerlink" title="5.3.5 each作主语的同位语"></a>5.3.5 each作主语的同位语</h3><p>  　谓语由主语来决定，与each无关.<br>  　E.g. <em>They each have a bike.</em></p>
<h3 id="5-3-6-One-or-two-more-复数名词"><a href="#5-3-6-One-or-two-more-复数名词" class="headerlink" title="5.3.6 One or two more+复数名词"></a>5.3.6 One or two more+复数名词</h3><p>  　谓语用复数<br>  　E.g. <em>One or two persons are sent there.</em>派一两个人到那儿</p>
<h2 id="5-4-否定前置"><a href="#5-4-否定前置" class="headerlink" title="5.4 否定前置"></a>5.4 否定前置</h2><p> 　条件：第一人称作主语<br> 　适用于believe/think/guess/suppose</p>
<h2 id="5-5-就近原则"><a href="#5-5-就近原则" class="headerlink" title="5.5 就近原则"></a>5.5 就近原则</h2><p> 　either … or …<br> 　neither … nor …<br> 　not only … but also …<br> 　there be …</p>
<h2 id="5-6-反义疑问句"><a href="#5-6-反义疑问句" class="headerlink" title="5.6 反义疑问句"></a>5.6 反义疑问句</h2><p> 　E.g. <em>There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?</em><br> 　E.g. <em>You have never been to Beijing, have you?</em><br> 　E.g. <em>I don’t think you are right, are you?</em></p>
<h2 id="5-7-过去直接引语变现在间接引语"><a href="#5-7-过去直接引语变现在间接引语" class="headerlink" title="5.7 过去直接引语变现在间接引语"></a>5.7 过去直接引语变现在间接引语</h2><p> 　… ago=&gt;… before<br> 　last …=&gt;the … before<br> 　yesterday=&gt;the day before<br> 　today=&gt;that day<br> 　now=&gt;then<br> 　tomorrow=&gt;the next day<br> 　next …=the next …</p>
<h2 id="5-8-强调句"><a href="#5-8-强调句" class="headerlink" title="5.8 强调句"></a>5.8 强调句</h2><h2 id="5-9-倒装"><a href="#5-9-倒装" class="headerlink" title="5.9 倒装"></a>5.9 倒装</h2><h3 id="5-9-1-部分倒装"><a href="#5-9-1-部分倒装" class="headerlink" title="5.9.1 部分倒装"></a>5.9.1 部分倒装</h3><p>  　通常情况下，改为疑问语序<br>  　放句首时所引导从句部分倒装：Never,Seldom,Neither…nor,Hardly..when,No sooner…than,Few,Little</p>
<h3 id="5-9-2-完全倒装"><a href="#5-9-2-完全倒装" class="headerlink" title="5.9.2 完全倒装"></a>5.9.2 完全倒装</h3><h1 id="六、其他近义表达"><a href="#六、其他近义表达" class="headerlink" title="六、其他近义表达"></a>六、其他近义表达</h1><h2 id="6-1-几乎等效"><a href="#6-1-几乎等效" class="headerlink" title="6.1 几乎等效"></a>6.1 几乎等效</h2><p> 　to begin with=first<br> 　be proud of=be pride in<br> 　take the second turning on the left=turn left at the second crossing</p>
<h2 id="6-2-不等效"><a href="#6-2-不等效" class="headerlink" title="6.2 不等效"></a>6.2 不等效</h2><h3 id="6-2-1-spend-cost-take-pay"><a href="#6-2-1-spend-cost-take-pay" class="headerlink" title="6.2.1 spend,cost,take,pay"></a>6.2.1 spend,cost,take,pay</h3><p>  　sb spend time on th<br>  　sb spend money on/for sth<br>  　sb spend time/money in doing sth<br>  　sb pay (sb) (money) for sth/sb<br>  　sb pay money back偿还<br>  　sb pay off sth/sb还清<br>  　sth cost (sb) time/money<br>  　sth take sb time<br>  　E.g. <em>I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.</em></p>
<h3 id="6-2-2-sometime-sometimes-some-time-some-times"><a href="#6-2-2-sometime-sometimes-some-time-some-times" class="headerlink" title="6.2.2 sometime,sometimes,some time,some times"></a>6.2.2 sometime,sometimes,some time,some times</h3><p>  　sometime某时<br>  　sometimes有时<br>  　some time一段时间<br>  　some times几次、几倍</p>
<h3 id="6-2-3-be-going-to-will"><a href="#6-2-3-be-going-to-will" class="headerlink" title="6.2.3 be going to,will"></a>6.2.3 be going to,will</h3><p>  　表示有迹象或主观意向：be going to<br>  　后面接表位移动词：will</p>
<h3 id="6-2-4-let’s-do-let-us-do"><a href="#6-2-4-let’s-do-let-us-do" class="headerlink" title="6.2.4 let’s do,let us do"></a>6.2.4 let’s do,let us do</h3><p>  　例如：let’s go我们走吧，let us go请允许我们离开</p>
<h3 id="6-2-5-besides-except"><a href="#6-2-5-besides-except" class="headerlink" title="6.2.5 besides,except"></a>6.2.5 besides,except</h3><p>  　besides 除了…以外还有…<br>  　except  除外</p>
<h3 id="6-2-6-day-after-day-day-by-day"><a href="#6-2-6-day-after-day-day-by-day" class="headerlink" title="6.2.6 day after day,day by day"></a>6.2.6 day after day,day by day</h3><p>  　day after day 日复一日，无变化<br>  　day by day 一天天地，有变化</p>
<h3 id="6-2-7-by-accident-by-mistake-by-chance"><a href="#6-2-7-by-accident-by-mistake-by-chance" class="headerlink" title="6.2.7 by accident,by mistake,by chance"></a>6.2.7 by accident,by mistake,by chance</h3><p>  　by accident 意外地<br>  　by mistake 失误地<br>  　by chance 偶然地，侥幸地</p>
<h3 id="6-2-8-exercise-practice"><a href="#6-2-8-exercise-practice" class="headerlink" title="6.2.8 exercise,practice"></a>6.2.8 exercise,practice</h3><p>  　exercise 运动<br>  　exercises 练习<br>  　practice 反复练习</p>
<h3 id="6-2-9-trip-journey-voyage-travel"><a href="#6-2-9-trip-journey-voyage-travel" class="headerlink" title="6.2.9 trip,journey,voyage,travel"></a>6.2.9 trip,journey,voyage,travel</h3><p>  　trip 短途旅行<br>  　journey 长征<br>  　voyage 海上航行<br>  　travel 旅行</p>
<h3 id="6-2-10-repait-mend-fix"><a href="#6-2-10-repait-mend-fix" class="headerlink" title="6.2.10 repait,mend,fix"></a>6.2.10 repait,mend,fix</h3><p>  　repair 损坏到不能使用<br>  　mend 小物件缝补<br>  　fix 小调整</p>
<h3 id="6-2-11-so-such"><a href="#6-2-11-so-such" class="headerlink" title="6.2.11 so,such"></a>6.2.11 so,such</h3><p>  　①通常情况下，so+adj/adv，such+n<br>  　②在可数名词单数且名词被形容词修饰时，such a good gril=so good a girl<br>  　③so little（仅表示少）/few/many/much</p>
<h3 id="6-2-12-knock-hit-beat-strike"><a href="#6-2-12-knock-hit-beat-strike" class="headerlink" title="6.2.12 knock,hit,beat,strike"></a>6.2.12 knock,hit,beat,strike</h3><p>  　knock 敲<br>  　hit 快击<br>  　beat 律动<br>  　strike 重击</p>
<h3 id="6-2-13-sure-certain"><a href="#6-2-13-sure-certain" class="headerlink" title="6.2.13 sure,certain"></a>6.2.13 sure,certain</h3><p>  　I’m sure/certain that …<br>  　It’s certain that …</p>
<h1 id="七、其他单词用法"><a href="#七、其他单词用法" class="headerlink" title="七、其他单词用法"></a>七、其他单词用法</h1><h2 id="7-1-die"><a href="#7-1-die" class="headerlink" title="7.1 die"></a>7.1 die</h2><p> 　die of 内因<br> 　die from 外因</p>
<h2 id="7-2-join"><a href="#7-2-join" class="headerlink" title="7.2 join"></a>7.2 join</h2><p> 　join 加入组织<br> 　join in 参加活动<br> 　join part in 参与会议、战争</p>
<h2 id="7-3-fight"><a href="#7-3-fight" class="headerlink" title="7.3 fight"></a>7.3 fight</h2><p> 　fight for A     为A而战<br> 　fight against A 与A作斗争<br> 　fight with A    与A一起作战 或 与A战斗</p>
<h2 id="7-4-add"><a href="#7-4-add" class="headerlink" title="7.4 add"></a>7.4 add</h2><p> 　sth add to=increase<br> 　sb add … to …<br> 　add up to=in total</p>
<h2 id="7-5-used"><a href="#7-5-used" class="headerlink" title="7.5 used"></a>7.5 used</h2><p> 　used to do 过去常常做<br> 　be/get used to doing 习惯做</p>
<h2 id="7-6-live"><a href="#7-6-live" class="headerlink" title="7.6 live"></a>7.6 live</h2><p> 　live on 以…为食<br> 　live by 靠…谋生</p>
<h2 id="7-7-change"><a href="#7-7-change" class="headerlink" title="7.7 change"></a>7.7 change</h2><p> 　change into 变成<br> 　change for 更换</p>
<h2 id="7-8-prefer"><a href="#7-8-prefer" class="headerlink" title="7.8 prefer"></a>7.8 prefer</h2><p> 　prefer doing A to doing B<br> 　prefer to do A (rather) than do B<br> 　另：would rather</p>
<h2 id="7-9-afraid"><a href="#7-9-afraid" class="headerlink" title="7.9 afraid"></a>7.9 afraid</h2><p> 　be afraid to do 不敢做<br> 　be afraid of doing 不情愿发生<br> 　E.g. <em>He is afraid to touch the snake.</em><br> 　E.g. <em>He is afraid of being beaten by his father.</em></p>
<h2 id="7-10-drop-in顺便拜访"><a href="#7-10-drop-in顺便拜访" class="headerlink" title="7.10 drop in顺便拜访"></a>7.10 drop in顺便拜访</h2><p> 　drop in on=call on +sb<br> 　drop in at=call at +sp</p>
<h2 id="7-11-spend"><a href="#7-11-spend" class="headerlink" title="7.11 spend"></a>7.11 spend</h2><p> 　spend on n<br> 　spend (in) doing</p>
<h2 id="7-12-keep"><a href="#7-12-keep" class="headerlink" title="7.12 keep"></a>7.12 keep</h2><p> 　keep on doing 反复做<br> 　keep doing=stick to do 坚持做</p>
<h2 id="7-13-mean"><a href="#7-13-mean" class="headerlink" title="7.13 mean"></a>7.13 mean</h2><p> 　mean to do 打算做<br> 　mean doing sth 意味着</p>
<h2 id="7-14-regret"><a href="#7-14-regret" class="headerlink" title="7.14 regret"></a>7.14 regret</h2><p> 　regret to do 抱歉<br> 　regret doing 后悔</p>
<h2 id="7-15-help"><a href="#7-15-help" class="headerlink" title="7.15 help"></a>7.15 help</h2><p> 　help (to) do 帮助<br> 　can’t help doing 情不自禁</p>
<h2 id="7-16-stick"><a href="#7-16-stick" class="headerlink" title="7.16 stick"></a>7.16 stick</h2><p> 　stick to 粘着，坚持<br> 　stick by 支持某人，履行承诺<br> 　be stuck with 被纠缠<br> 　be suck on 迷上某人<br> 　后面接的都是doing、sth、sb</p>
<h1 id="八、其他词组"><a href="#八、其他词组" class="headerlink" title="八、其他词组"></a>八、其他词组</h1><h2 id="8-1-宾语仅动名词单词"><a href="#8-1-宾语仅动名词单词" class="headerlink" title="8.1 宾语仅动名词单词"></a>8.1 宾语仅动名词单词</h2><p> 　1.finish 2.enjoy 3.mind 4.practice 5.suggest<br> 　6.admit采纳 7.deny抵赖 8.consider 9.avoid避免 10.imagine<br> 　11.delay 12.keep 13.miss 14.escape逃脱</p>
<h2 id="8-2-宾语仅动名词词组"><a href="#8-2-宾语仅动名词词组" class="headerlink" title="8.2 宾语仅动名词词组"></a>8.2 宾语仅动名词词组</h2><h2 id="8-2-1-to作介词"><a href="#8-2-1-to作介词" class="headerlink" title="8.2.1 to作介词"></a>8.2.1 to作介词</h2><p>  　1.look forward to<br>  　2.prefer doing to doing<br>  　3.be used to<br>  　4.devote oneself to奉献<br>  　5.stick to<br>  　6.object to反对<br>  　7.admit to<br>  　8.give one’s mind to 专心<br>    9.lend to</p>
<h2 id="8-2-2-其他"><a href="#8-2-2-其他" class="headerlink" title="8.2.2 其他"></a>8.2.2 其他</h2><p>  　1.give up 2.be busy/worth<br>  　3.have fun (in) 4.feel like<br>    5.avoid 6.consider<br>    7.suggest<br>    8.deny<br>    9.admit</p>
<h2 id="8-3-宾语仅不定式"><a href="#8-3-宾语仅不定式" class="headerlink" title="8.3 宾语仅不定式"></a>8.3 宾语仅不定式</h2><p> 　1.promise 2.prefer宁愿 3.offer提供<br> 　4.manage 5.afford承担 6.arrange安排<br> 　7.hesitate犹豫 8.pretend假装 9.would like<br>   10.afford 11.pretend假装</p>
<h2 id="8-1-介词"><a href="#8-1-介词" class="headerlink" title="8.1 介词"></a>8.1 介词</h2><p>   1.</p>
<h2 id="8-2-动词"><a href="#8-2-动词" class="headerlink" title="8.2 动词"></a>8.2 动词</h2><p> 　take off 起飞、脱下<br> 　make up one’s mind to do 使人下定决心</p>
<h2 id="8-3-形容词"><a href="#8-3-形容词" class="headerlink" title="8.3 形容词"></a>8.3 形容词</h2><h2 id="8-4-其他"><a href="#8-4-其他" class="headerlink" title="8.4 其他"></a>8.4 其他</h2><h1 id="九、习惯用语"><a href="#九、习惯用语" class="headerlink" title="九、习惯用语"></a>九、习惯用语</h1><h2 id="9-1-俗语"><a href="#9-1-俗语" class="headerlink" title="9.1 俗语"></a>9.1 俗语</h2><p> 　熟能生巧 <em>Practice makes perfect.</em><br> 　有志者，事竟成 <em>Where there is a will, there is a way.</em><br> 　一切皆有可能 <em>Everything is possible.</em><br> 　以其人之道还治其人之身 <em>Deal with a man as he deals with you.</em><br> 　患难见真情 <em>A friend in need is a friend indeed.</em></p>
<h2 id="9-2-其他"><a href="#9-2-其他" class="headerlink" title="9.2 其他"></a>9.2 其他</h2><h2 id="9-2-1-表反问"><a href="#9-2-1-表反问" class="headerlink" title="9.2.1 表反问"></a>9.2.1 表反问</h2><p>  　Why not=Why don’t you +do<br>  　How about +doing </p>
<h2 id="9-2-2-想法"><a href="#9-2-2-想法" class="headerlink" title="9.2.2 想法"></a>9.2.2 想法</h2><p>  　How does he like A=What does he think of A</p>
<h1 id="十、虚拟语气"><a href="#十、虚拟语气" class="headerlink" title="十、虚拟语气"></a>十、虚拟语气</h1><p> 表达”与实际情况相反的虚构假设”用were式虚拟：时态倒退，be用were<br> 表达”祈使愿望”用be式虚拟：谓语是(should) do</p>
<h2 id="10-1-1-惊奇、怀疑、不满"><a href="#10-1-1-惊奇、怀疑、不满" class="headerlink" title="10.1.1 惊奇、怀疑、不满"></a>10.1.1 惊奇、怀疑、不满</h2><p> 　except,believe,think<br> 　从句谓语用should do，注意should不省略，表意料之外</p>
<h1 id="十一、其他"><a href="#十一、其他" class="headerlink" title="十一、其他"></a>十一、其他</h1><h2 id="11-1-常用日期"><a href="#11-1-常用日期" class="headerlink" title="11.1 常用日期"></a>11.1 常用日期</h2><p> 　January February March April May June July August September October November December<br> 　Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday</p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#零、约定"><span class="nav-text">零、约定</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#一、词法"><span class="nav-text">一、词法</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-名词复数"><span class="nav-text">1.1 名词复数</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-1-普通"><span class="nav-text">1.1.1 普通</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-2-特例"><span class="nav-text">1.1.2 特例</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-3-常见不可数"><span class="nav-text">1.1.3 常见不可数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-4-合成名词"><span class="nav-text">1.1.4 合成名词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-5-单复同形"><span class="nav-text">1.1.5 单复同形</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-6-其他注意点"><span class="nav-text">1.1.6 其他注意点</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2-名词所有格"><span class="nav-text">1.2 名词所有格</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-数词"><span class="nav-text">1.3 数词</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-1-基数词"><span class="nav-text">1.3.1 基数词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-2-序数词"><span class="nav-text">1.3.2 序数词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-3-倍数"><span class="nav-text">1.3.3 倍数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-4-四则运算"><span class="nav-text">1.3.4 四则运算</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-冠词"><span class="nav-text">1.4 冠词</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-1-定冠词"><span class="nav-text">1.4.1 定冠词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-2-不定冠词"><span class="nav-text">1.4.2 不定冠词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-3-零冠词"><span class="nav-text">1.4.3 零冠词</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-5-形容词副词adj-adv"><span class="nav-text">1.5 形容词副词adj/adv</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-5-1-比较级与最高级"><span class="nav-text">1.5.1 比较级与最高级</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-5-2-倍数"><span class="nav-text">1.5.2 倍数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-5-3-多形容词顺序"><span class="nav-text">1.5.3 多形容词顺序</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-6-限定词"><span class="nav-text">1.6 限定词</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-6-1-分类"><span class="nav-text">1.6.1 分类</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-6-2-other-others-the-other-the-others-another"><span class="nav-text">1.6.2 other,others,the other,the others,another</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-6-3-few-little"><span class="nav-text">1.6.3 few,little</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-7-代词pron"><span class="nav-text">1.7 代词pron</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-7-1-等效表达"><span class="nav-text">1.7.1 等效表达</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-7-2-each-every"><span class="nav-text">1.7.2 each,every</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-7-3-none-no-one"><span class="nav-text">1.7.3 none,no one</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-8-介词prep"><span class="nav-text">1.8 介词prep</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-8-1-时间"><span class="nav-text">1.8.1 时间</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-8-2-地点方位"><span class="nav-text">1.8.2 地点方位</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-8-3-方式"><span class="nav-text">1.8.3 方式</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#二、动词"><span class="nav-text">二、动词</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-1-使役动词"><span class="nav-text">2.1 使役动词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-2-情态动词"><span class="nav-text">2.2 情态动词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-3-完成时"><span class="nav-text">2.3 完成时</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-4-被动语态"><span class="nav-text">2.4 被动语态</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-5-非谓语"><span class="nav-text">2.5 非谓语</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-5-1-分词作状语"><span class="nav-text">2.5.1 分词作状语</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-5-2-分词作定语"><span class="nav-text">2.5.2 分词作定语</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-6-现在完成进行时"><span class="nav-text">2.6 现在完成进行时</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#三、句式"><span class="nav-text">三、句式</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-基本句型"><span class="nav-text">3.1 基本句型</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-1-主谓"><span class="nav-text">3.1.1 主谓</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-2-主谓宾"><span class="nav-text">3.1.2 主谓宾</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-3-主系表"><span class="nav-text">3.1.3 主系表</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-4-主谓双宾"><span class="nav-text">3.1.4 主谓双宾</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-5-主谓宾宾补"><span class="nav-text">3.1.5 主谓宾宾补</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-2-感叹句"><span class="nav-text">3.2 感叹句</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-3-名词性宾语从句"><span class="nav-text">3.3 名词性宾语从句</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-3-1-if-whether"><span class="nav-text">3.3.1 if,whether</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-副词性状语从句"><span class="nav-text">3.4 副词性状语从句</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-1-时间"><span class="nav-text">3.4.1 时间</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-2-地点"><span class="nav-text">3.4.2 地点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-3-原因"><span class="nav-text">3.4.3 原因</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-4-条件"><span class="nav-text">3.4.4 条件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-5-目的"><span class="nav-text">3.4.5 目的</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-6-结果"><span class="nav-text">3.4.6 结果</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-7-比较"><span class="nav-text">3.4.7 比较</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-8-方式"><span class="nav-text">3.4.8 方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-4-9-让步"><span class="nav-text">3.4.9 让步</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-5-形容词性定语从句"><span class="nav-text">3.5 形容词性定语从句</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-5-1-关系代词"><span class="nav-text">3.5.1 关系代词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-5-2-非限制性"><span class="nav-text">3.5.2 非限制性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-5-3-强调句型"><span class="nav-text">3.5.3 强调句型</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-5-4-只能用that"><span class="nav-text">3.5.4 只能用that</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-5-5-不能用that"><span class="nav-text">3.5.5 不能用that</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#四、非谓语动词"><span class="nav-text">四、非谓语动词</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-1-动词不定式"><span class="nav-text">4.1 动词不定式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-2-现在分词"><span class="nav-text">4.2 现在分词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-3-过去分词"><span class="nav-text">4.3 过去分词</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#五、语法现象"><span class="nav-text">五、语法现象</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-1-双写末尾辅音字母"><span class="nav-text">5.1 双写末尾辅音字母</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-2-主将从现"><span class="nav-text">5.2 主将从现</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-3-主谓一致"><span class="nav-text">5.3 主谓一致</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-3-1-more-than-one-名词单数"><span class="nav-text">5.3.1 more than one+名词单数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-3-2-many-a-名词单数"><span class="nav-text">5.3.2 many a+名词单数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-3-3-表部分（all-most-percent）-of-名词"><span class="nav-text">5.3.3 表部分（all,most,percent）+of+名词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-3-4-all-名词"><span class="nav-text">5.3.4 all+名词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-3-5-each作主语的同位语"><span class="nav-text">5.3.5 each作主语的同位语</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-3-6-One-or-two-more-复数名词"><span class="nav-text">5.3.6 One or two more+复数名词</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-4-否定前置"><span class="nav-text">5.4 否定前置</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-5-就近原则"><span class="nav-text">5.5 就近原则</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-6-反义疑问句"><span class="nav-text">5.6 反义疑问句</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-7-过去直接引语变现在间接引语"><span class="nav-text">5.7 过去直接引语变现在间接引语</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-8-强调句"><span class="nav-text">5.8 强调句</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-9-倒装"><span class="nav-text">5.9 倒装</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-9-1-部分倒装"><span class="nav-text">5.9.1 部分倒装</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-9-2-完全倒装"><span class="nav-text">5.9.2 完全倒装</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#六、其他近义表达"><span class="nav-text">六、其他近义表达</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-1-几乎等效"><span class="nav-text">6.1 几乎等效</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-不等效"><span class="nav-text">6.2 不等效</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-1-spend-cost-take-pay"><span class="nav-text">6.2.1 spend,cost,take,pay</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-2-sometime-sometimes-some-time-some-times"><span class="nav-text">6.2.2 sometime,sometimes,some time,some times</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-3-be-going-to-will"><span class="nav-text">6.2.3 be going to,will</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-4-let’s-do-let-us-do"><span class="nav-text">6.2.4 let’s do,let us do</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-5-besides-except"><span class="nav-text">6.2.5 besides,except</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-6-day-after-day-day-by-day"><span class="nav-text">6.2.6 day after day,day by day</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-7-by-accident-by-mistake-by-chance"><span class="nav-text">6.2.7 by accident,by mistake,by chance</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-8-exercise-practice"><span class="nav-text">6.2.8 exercise,practice</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-9-trip-journey-voyage-travel"><span class="nav-text">6.2.9 trip,journey,voyage,travel</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-10-repait-mend-fix"><span class="nav-text">6.2.10 repait,mend,fix</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-11-so-such"><span class="nav-text">6.2.11 so,such</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-12-knock-hit-beat-strike"><span class="nav-text">6.2.12 knock,hit,beat,strike</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-2-13-sure-certain"><span class="nav-text">6.2.13 sure,certain</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#七、其他单词用法"><span class="nav-text">七、其他单词用法</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-1-die"><span class="nav-text">7.1 die</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-2-join"><span class="nav-text">7.2 join</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-3-fight"><span class="nav-text">7.3 fight</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-4-add"><span class="nav-text">7.4 add</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-5-used"><span class="nav-text">7.5 used</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-6-live"><span class="nav-text">7.6 live</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-7-change"><span class="nav-text">7.7 change</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-8-prefer"><span class="nav-text">7.8 prefer</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-9-afraid"><span class="nav-text">7.9 afraid</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-10-drop-in顺便拜访"><span class="nav-text">7.10 drop in顺便拜访</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-11-spend"><span class="nav-text">7.11 spend</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-12-keep"><span class="nav-text">7.12 keep</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-13-mean"><span class="nav-text">7.13 mean</span></a></li><li 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class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8-3-宾语仅不定式"><span class="nav-text">8.3 宾语仅不定式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8-1-介词"><span class="nav-text">8.1 介词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8-2-动词"><span class="nav-text">8.2 动词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8-3-形容词"><span class="nav-text">8.3 形容词</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8-4-其他"><span class="nav-text">8.4 其他</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#九、习惯用语"><span class="nav-text">九、习惯用语</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#9-1-俗语"><span class="nav-text">9.1 俗语</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#9-2-其他"><span class="nav-text">9.2 其他</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" 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